Peb Hom Kev Thauj Khoom Loj los ntawm Lateral Ncej

Hauv kev tsim vaj tsev tsim qauv, lub thav duab sab nraud ua raws li lub tsev "skeleton," lub luag haujlwm rau kev xa tawm ntau yam sab nraud mus rau hauv lub hauv paus. Thaum koj tau txais kev nkag siab zoo ntawm lub tswv yim no, koj yuav pom tias, hauv paus, txhua lub zog ua raws li tus qauv tuaj yeem faib ua peb hom: kev thauj khoom tas mus li, kev thauj khoom tsis sib xws, thiab kev sib tsoo. Cov lus piav qhia hauv qab no yog txhawm rau qhia meej cov ntsiab lus no kom yooj yim -kom- nkag siab zoo.

 

I. Permanent Loads: Tus puas tau -Tam sim no "Tus kheej- Nyhav"

 

Cias muab, cov khoom tas mus li sawv cev rau qhov hnyav uas tau txais los ntawm tus qauv nws tus kheej thiab nws cov khoom siv ruaj khov. Lawv yog cov yam ntxwv los ntawm ib qho tseem ceeb feature: lawv nyob tsis tu ncua thiab nyob twj ywm qhov tseem ceeb nyob rau lub sij hawm.

Cov no suav nrog dab tsi tshwj xeeb?

• Tus Kheej Tus Kheej- Nyhav: Qhov hnyav ntawm "skeleton" Cheebtsam- kab teeb, slabs, kab, thiab hauv paus.
• Qhov hnyav ntawm lub tsev tsim cov txheej txheem: xws li qib screeds, rwb thaiv tsev txheej, waterproofing membranes, plaster tiav, pem teb npog, thiab lwm yam.
• Qhov hnyav ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Kho Mob: Ntev- lub sijhawm, kev teeb tsa nyob ruaj ruaj xws li cov kav dej, lub qab nthab, cov teeb pom kev zoo, thiab lwm yam.

Kev suav ntawm cov loads no feem ntau txiav txim siab raws li qhov ceev (unit weight) ntawm cov khoom thiab qhov ntev ntawm cov khoom siv. Thaum lub tsev tiav lawm, thiab thoob plaws hauv nws lub neej ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj, qhov no ntawm qhov load tseem zoo li tsis hloov.

Xav txog qhov no:
Cov loads tas mus li zoo li tus neeg lub cev hnyav -txawm koj sawv qhov twg los, nws yeej ib txwm muaj.

 

II. Variable Loads: Intermittent thiab Unfixed nyob rau hauv qhov chaw

 

Piv nrog rau cov loads tas mus li, qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom sib txawv yog ntau dua "dynamic." Lawv qhov loj, qhov chaw, thiab txawm tias lawv qhov chaw nyob tuaj yeem hloov pauv raws sijhawm.

Common variable loads ntsib nyob rau hauv lateral thav ntawv muaj xws li:

• Pem Teb Nyob Loads: Qhov hnyav ntawm cov neeg nyob, kev npaj rooj tog, khoom siv hauv chaw ua haujlwm, thiab lwm yam.
• Roof Live Loads: Qhov hnyav ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tu, cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim kho, cov cuab yeej, thiab lwm yam.
• Natural Forces: Accumulated snow, cua siab, dej nag, tswm ciab plua plav, thiab lwm yam.
• Kev tsim kho Loads: Ntau yam kev thauj khoom ib ntus tsim tshwj xeeb thaum lub sijhawm tsim kho.

Thaum tsim qauv rau cov khoom thauj no, cov kws ua haujlwm yuav tsum sab laj cov lej thiab cov qauv (xws li * Txheem rau Load of Building Structures * [GB 50009]). Tsis tas li ntawd, cov loads no yuav tsum raug soj ntsuam raws li "qhov xwm txheej tsis zoo tshaj plaws"- txhais tau tias cov neeg tsim qauv feem ntau xav tias "qhov phem tshaj- cov ntaub ntawv thauj khoom" los xyuas kom meej cov qauv kev ncaj ncees thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub tsev.

Nov yog ib qho piv txwv:
Kev thauj khoom sib txawv zoo li lub hnab koj nqa ntawm koj nraub qaum-qee zaum nws hnyav, qee zaum nws yog lub teeb, thiab nws txoj haujlwm hloov qee lub sijhawm.

 

 

III. Loads xwm txheej: Tsis tshua muaj, tseem tseem ceeb los tiv thaiv

 

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev sib tsoo hnyav yog qhov tseeb - txiav: lawv muaj qhov tshwm sim tsawg, tab sis yog tias lawv tshwm sim, lawv qhov cuam tshuam loj heev - muaj peev xwm txawm txiav txim siab qhov kawg ntawm kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov qauv.

Lawv feem ntau suav nrog:

• Seismic Actions: Ib daim ntawv quintessential ntawm inertial quab yuam, zoo sib raug zoo nrog cov qauv ntawm cov huab hwm coj thiab kev vibrational yam ntxwv.
• Impact Loads: Xws li lub tsheb tawm tsam ib kab, lossis lub nkoj sib tsoo nrog cov qauv chaw nres nkoj.
• Explosion Loads: Kev poob siab heev tau ntsib nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb.

Ntawm cov loads no, seismic kev txiav txim tshwj xeeb yog qhov tseem ceeb. Vim tias nws cuam tshuam tsis yog rau tus qauv qhov hnyav nkaus xwb tab sis kuj yog - thiab sib txuas ua ke yog li - rau nws cov khoom muaj zog (xws li tawv tawv thiab lub sijhawm ntuj), nws xav tau kev saib xyuas thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov qauv thav duab.

Xav txog qhov no:
Kev thauj khoom raug xwm txheej zoo ib yam li cov xwm txheej tam sim no, tsis tau pom dua- koj yuav tsis hnov ​​​​lawv hauv koj lub hnub- mus rau -hnub lub neej, tab sis lawv tsis tuaj yeem saib xyuas thaum lub sijhawm tsim.

 

Hauv Summary

 

Yog hais tias peb conceptualize lub lateral load-resisting thav duab raws li ib tug "load-bearing system," ces:

• Permanent Loads: Tsis tu ncua dais rau nws.
• Variable Loads: Periodically ntxiv siab ntxiv rau nws.
• Kev Thauj Khoom Loj: Thaum lub sijhawm tseem ceeb, txiav txim siab seb nws puas tuaj yeem "tuav."

Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm peb pawg load no dictates kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov qauv. Hauv kev xyaum tsim qauv tiag tiag, engineers ntiav cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke kom tsim nyog saib xyuas cov kev sib txawv no, yog li ua kom lub tsev nyob ruaj khov thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb nyob rau hauv txhua qhov kev xav tau ua haujlwm.

Yog tias koj koom nrog hauv cov qauv steel lossis cov phiaj xwm kev lag luam, thaj chaw tshwj xeeb no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws - qauv qauv, kev siv steel, thiab kev tswj tus nqi yog tag nrho ncaj qha cuam tshuam los ntawm kev xam cov load. Yog tias koj xav tau, kuv tuaj yeem pab koj nthuav cov ncauj lus no mus rau hauv ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus zoo dua qub rau lub vev xaib "export-oriented", framed los ntawm ntau "tus neeg siv-centric" foundations.